Khi chuùng ta noùi veà hai hay nhieàu vaät chuùng ta coù theå so saùnh chuùng. Chuùng ta duøng tónh töø so saùnh thöôøng vaø hôn nhaát ñeå dieăn taû nhöơng söï khaùc bieät.
Coù nhöơng luaät taïo vaàn khaùc nhau duøng cho nhöơng h́nh thöùc khaùc nhau cuûa caùc loaïi tónh töø. Nhöơng luaät naøy duøng cho nhöơng tŕnh ñoä cao hôn vaø khoâng ñöôïc giaûng daïy trong chöông tŕnh naøy.
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Tónh töø so saùnh hôn nhaát duøng ñeå dieăn taû söï khaùc bieät cöïc kyø giuơa ba hay nhieàu vaät. Coù 2 caùch thaønh laäp caùc loaïi tónh töø so saùnh hôn nhaát.
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1. Theâm “est” vaøo caùc tónh töø moät vaàn, nhö “big” vaø nkôù gaáp ñoâi phuï aâm roài môùi theâm “est”. Theâm “est” vao caùc tónh töø hai vaàn neáu taän cuøng baèng “y”, nhö “happy” vaø phaûi ñoåi “y” thaønh “i” roài môùi theâm “est”. “The” ñöôïc ñaët tröôùc tónh töø.. the + adjective + est Xem theâm chi tieát veà caùc vaàn ôû saùch höôùng daăn. Examples:Thí duï |
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big - the biggest lôùn – lôùn nhaát |
The elephant is the biggest animal in the zoo.Con voi laø con vaät lôùn nhaát trong sôû thuù. |
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happy - the happiest sung söôùng – ngöôøi sung söôùng nhaát |
We are the happiest family in the world. Chuùng toâi laø moät gia ñ́nh sung söôùng nhaát treân theá giôùi. |
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rich - the richest giaøu – giaøu nhaát. |
Bob is the richest man in the city. Bob laø ngöôi ñaøn oâng giaøu nhaát trong thaønh phoá. |
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lazy - the laziest lazy - the laziest |
Lynn was the laziest student in our school. Lynn laø sinh vieân löôøi nhaát trong tröôøng hoïc chuùng toâi. |
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old - the oldest giaø nhaát |
Jeff is the oldest person in our family. Jeff laø ngöôøi giaø nhaát trong gia ñ́nh cuûa chuùng toâi. |
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2. Theâm “most” khi moät tónh töø coù hai hoaëc nhieàu vaàn, nhö trong töø “expensive”. “The” ñaët tröôùc “most” vaø tónh töø. Tónh töø ñöôïc giöø ôû nguyeân h́nh thöùc giaûn ñôn. the + most + adjective Examples:Thí duï |
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expensive - the most expensive maéc – caùi maéc nhaát |
I own the most expensive car in our family. Toâi laø chuû chieác xe hôi maéc nhaát trong gia ñ́nh cuûa chuùng toâi. |
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beautiful - the most beautiful ñeïp – caùi ñeïp nhaát |
She is the most beautiful woman at the party. Cḥ aùy laø ngöôøi phuï nöơ ñeïp nhaát taïi böơa tieäc. |
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crowded - the most crowded ñoâng – caùi ñoâng nhaát |
This is the most crowded theater in the city.Ñaây laø caùi raïp haùt ñoâng nhaát trong thaønh phoá. |
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"Good" and "bad" are adjectives with irregular forms. The superlative form of good is "best". The superlative form of bad is "worst". “Good” vaø “bad” laø nhöơng tónh töø baát qui taéc. H́nh thöùc hôn nhaát cuûa “good” laø “best”. H́nh thöùc hôn nhaát cuûa “bad” laø “worst”. My teacher is the best in the school.Giaùo vieân cuûa toâi laø ngöôøi toát nhaát trong tröôøng. He has the worst cold in the class.Anh aáy coù caùi caûm laïnh xaáu nhaát trong lôùp hoïc. |
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REGULARTHOÂNG THÖÔØNG big happy rich easy old young lazy short tall long funny dark nice dangerous beautiful crowded important difficult good bad |
COMPARATIVESO SAÙNH bigger than happier than richer than easier than older than younger than lazier than shorter than taller than longer than funnier than darker than nicer than more dangerous than more beautiful than more crowded than more important than more difficult than better than worse than |
SUPERLATIVESO SAÙNH HÔN NHAÁT the biggest the happiest the richest the easiest the oldest the youngest the laziest the shortest the tallest the longest the funniest the darkest the nicest the most dangerous the most beautiful the most crowded the most important the most difficult the best the worst |